الطرق الفعالة لعمل إعادة الصياغة

النص الأصلي:

“Artistic, diverse and ever-changing, Vancouver is a hub of cultural activity. The fact that the city boasts a number of notable cultural institutions, such as the Vancouver Art Gallery and the Vancouver Opera, is known to many” (Lang 20).

إعادة الصياغة:

Vancouver is a major cultural center on Canada’s west coast. The Vancouver Art Gallery and the Vancouver Opera are just two examples of its many famous cultural venues (Lang 20).

من الممكن أن يتم استبدال الكلمات الرئيسية بوضع تعريفاتها بدلا عنها عند إعادة الصياغة.

النص الأصلي:

 The defendant waited anxiously for the jury’s verdict at his murder trial.

إعادة الصياغة:

The accused murderer nervously waited for the final judgment at his trial.

النص الأصلي:

Barack Obama says he wants to elevate the public discourse, yet here he is, hosting the loons and the radicals, the pranksters and the protesters. Anyone with Internet access can put a petition on the federal mainframe (Scherer 36).

إعادة الصياغة:

The government’s websites have attracted the attention of all sorts of fanatics, activists and jokesters as a result of President Obama’s desire to improve civic dialogue (Scherer 36).

النص الأصلي:

• The economy is suffering because of the bank’s poor judgment. (Passive)
• The team won because Jones scored the winning goal in the last minute of the game. (Active)

إعادة الصياغة:

•  The bank’s bad decisions caused the economy to crumble. (Active)
• Jones’ last minute goal allowed the team to win. (Passive)

النص الأصلي:

• The researchers started their investigation of the work habits of teenagers last week. (noun)
• Sami insisted on the truth even if it might cause her pain. (verb)

إعادة الصياغة:

• The researchers recently investigated youth work ethic. (verb)
• Sami’s insistence on honesty, no matter the personal cost, makes her an admirable character in this novel. (noun)

النص الأصلي:

The initial stages of the experiment involved sorting through potential test subjects. The scientists had to ensure there were sufficient representatives from each gender, age group and ethnicity.

إعادة الصياغة:

• The initial stages of the experiment involved sorting through potential test subjects because the scientists had to ensure there were sufficient representatives from each gender, age group and ethnicity.
• The initial stages of the experiment involved sorting through potential test subjects because the scientists had to ensure there were sufficient representatives from each gender, age group and ethnicity.

النص الأصلي:

Ballroom dancing is an enjoyable pastime. It is loved by many young people.

إعادة الصياغة:

• Ballroom dancing is an enjoyable pastime that is loved by many
• One fun activity that many teens really enjoy is ballroom dancing.

النص الأصلي:

Math was the hardest subject for me at school. I never liked math.

إعادة الصياغة:

• Math was the hardest subject for me at school, which is why I never liked math.
• Math was the subject I found the most challenging, which is why I never really enjoyed it.

بالنسبة للأسابيع

12 weeks = 3 months = 84 days

بالنسبة للأيام

3 days ago = 72 hours

بالنسبة للوقت

• 10 a.m. could be described as “mid-morning” or before noon.
• 2 p.m. could be in the afternoon
• Noon could be in the middle of the day
• Night times could be expressed as before/after sunset or midnight
• Very early morning could be described as before dawn or sunrise.

بالنسبة للتعددية

• 2 might be expressed as: a couple, twice, double.
• 3 might be expressed as: a trio, or triple

بالنسبة للاحصائيات

• If a statistic says 60% of people did something that means 40% didn’t do it.
• Conversely, if 50% voted against, then that means 50% voted for it.
• If a statistic says 60.48% of eligible voters voted in the last election, you can say:

• Just over 60% of eligible voters voted.
• Almost 40% of eligible voters didn’t vote.

• If the date isn’t important to your essay, you may omit it.

• A specific year, such as 1989 can be expressed as the late 1980’s.
• It could also be expressed as before the 1990’s.

• Dates can also be expressed relative to an important, relevant historical figure. For example:

• Space flight became a regular occurrence during the Kennedy era.
• (i.e. Early 1960’s when J.F. Kennedy was the U.S. President)